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Design","/en/part-4-tools-training-and-technical-support-for-smes/which-universities-and-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-can-support-smes-in-designing-or-veri","en/04.part-4-tools-training-and-technical-support-for-smes/07.which-universities-and-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-can-support-smes-in-designing-or-veri",{"title":237,"path":238,"stem":239,"index":132},"Vietnam Carbon Market Policy Updates | MONRE, VCCI, VBCSD Sources","/en/part-4-tools-training-and-technical-support-for-smes/how-can-businesses-regularly-update-new-policies-regarding-the-carbon-market-in-vietnam","en/04.part-4-tools-training-and-technical-support-for-smes/08.how-can-businesses-regularly-update-new-policies-regarding-the-carbon-market-in-vietnam",{"title":241,"path":242,"stem":243,"index":137},"PPP Models for SME Carbon Projects | Vietnam 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PRACTICES",[247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256],"01.how-to-avoid-greenwashing-and-ensure-project-credibility","02.what-is-the-criterion-for-assessing-additionality-in-a-project","03.what-happens-if-a-project-fails-to-achieve-the-committed-emission-reduction-targets","04.how-to-control-the-risk-of-leakage-and-ensure-permanence","05.what-is-vietnam-doing-to-prevent-double-counting","06.how-should-sme-businesses-react-if-ets-regulations-change-suddenly","07.what-mechanisms-ensure-transparency-when-registering-and-trading-carbon-credits","08.how-to-demonstrate-co-benefits-social-ecosystem-to-attract-investors","09.what-governance-principles-should-smes-follow-to-ensure-transparency-throughout-the-entire-cycle","10.transparency-governance-checklist-for-smes-participating-in-the-carbon-market","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices",[260,264,268,272,276,280,284,288,292,296],{"title":261,"path":262,"stem":263,"index":97},"Avoid Greenwashing and Ensure Project Credibility | MRV Framework Vietnam","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/how-to-avoid-greenwashing-and-ensure-project-credibility","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/01.how-to-avoid-greenwashing-and-ensure-project-credibility",{"title":265,"path":266,"stem":267,"index":102},"Additionality Assessment in Vietnam | Project Credibility Criteria","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/what-is-the-criterion-for-assessing-additionality-in-a-project","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/02.what-is-the-criterion-for-assessing-additionality-in-a-project",{"title":269,"path":270,"stem":271,"index":107},"Project Target Failure Consequences | Credit Issuance Vietnam","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/what-happens-if-a-project-fails-to-achieve-the-committed-emission-reduction-targets","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/03.what-happens-if-a-project-fails-to-achieve-the-committed-emission-reduction-targets",{"title":273,"path":274,"stem":275,"index":112},"Leakage Control and Permanence | Vietnam AFOLU Project Measures","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/how-to-control-the-risk-of-leakage-and-ensure-permanence","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/04.how-to-control-the-risk-of-leakage-and-ensure-permanence",{"title":277,"path":278,"stem":279,"index":117},"Vietnam Double Counting Prevention | MRV Registry and Article 6","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/what-is-vietnam-doing-to-prevent-double-counting","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/05.what-is-vietnam-doing-to-prevent-double-counting",{"title":281,"path":282,"stem":283,"index":122},"ETS Regulation Changes | SME Response Strategy Vietnam","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/how-should-sme-businesses-react-if-ets-regulations-change-suddenly","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/06.how-should-sme-businesses-react-if-ets-regulations-change-suddenly",{"title":285,"path":286,"stem":287,"index":127},"Transparency Mechanisms Vietnam Carbon Credits | HNX Exchange and MRV Registry","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/what-mechanisms-ensure-transparency-when-registering-and-trading-carbon-credits","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/07.what-mechanisms-ensure-transparency-when-registering-and-trading-carbon-credits",{"title":289,"path":290,"stem":291,"index":132},"Demonstrate Co-Benefits | Attract Investors Vietnam Carbon Projects","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/how-to-demonstrate-co-benefits-social-ecosystem-to-attract-investors","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/08.how-to-demonstrate-co-benefits-social-ecosystem-to-attract-investors",{"title":293,"path":294,"stem":295,"index":137},"SME Governance Principles | Vietnam Carbon Market Transparency","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/what-governance-principles-should-smes-follow-to-ensure-transparency-throughout-the-entire-cycle","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/09.what-governance-principles-should-smes-follow-to-ensure-transparency-throughout-the-entire-cycle",{"title":297,"path":298,"stem":299,"index":68},"SME Carbon Market Checklist | Vietnam Transparency Governance","/en/part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/transparency-governance-checklist-for-smes-participating-in-the-carbon-market","en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/10.transparency-governance-checklist-for-smes-participating-in-the-carbon-market",{"title":301,"icon":6,"items":302,"path":310,"stem":311,"children":312,"page":6},"PART 6: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE",[303,304,305,306,307,308,309],"01.globally-what-models-or-strategies-have-small-and-medium-manufacturing-enterprises-in-the-steel","02.globally-what-models-and-strategies-have-businesses-in-the-logistics-distribution-and-warehousin","03.internationally-what-solutions-have-small-and-medium-sized-commercial-buildings-and-real-estate","04.what-cultivation-or-forest-management-models-have-helped-international-agriculture-and-forestry","05.at-the-international-level-what-are-the-business-models-of-companies-providing-esg-consulting-se","06.have-any-countries-successfully-organized-and-implemented-a-collective-carbon-project-model-invo","07.how-do-international-businesses-overcome-the-barrier-of-lacking-internal-technical-capacity-for","/en/part-6-international-experience","en/06.part-6-international-experience",[313,317,321,325,329,333,337],{"title":314,"path":315,"stem":316,"index":97},"Global Steel/Cement SME Emissions Reduction | Carbon Credit Projects","/en/part-6-international-experience/globally-what-models-or-strategies-have-small-and-medium-manufacturing-enterprises-in-the-steel","en/06.part-6-international-experience/01.globally-what-models-or-strategies-have-small-and-medium-manufacturing-enterprises-in-the-steel",{"title":318,"path":319,"stem":320,"index":102},"Global Logistics Emissions Reduction | Route Optimization and EV Fleet","/en/part-6-international-experience/globally-what-models-and-strategies-have-businesses-in-the-logistics-distribution-and-warehousin","en/06.part-6-international-experience/02.globally-what-models-and-strategies-have-businesses-in-the-logistics-distribution-and-warehousin",{"title":322,"path":323,"stem":324,"index":107},"Global Commercial Buildings Emissions | LED Lighting and Smart BMS Solutions","/en/part-6-international-experience/internationally-what-solutions-have-small-and-medium-sized-commercial-buildings-and-real-estate","en/06.part-6-international-experience/03.internationally-what-solutions-have-small-and-medium-sized-commercial-buildings-and-real-estate",{"title":326,"path":327,"stem":328,"index":112},"Global Agroforestry Models | Sustainable Forest Management and REDD+","/en/part-6-international-experience/what-cultivation-or-forest-management-models-have-helped-international-agriculture-and-forestry","en/06.part-6-international-experience/04.what-cultivation-or-forest-management-models-have-helped-international-agriculture-and-forestry",{"title":330,"path":331,"stem":332,"index":117},"Global ESG Consulting Business Models | Carbon Market Services","/en/part-6-international-experience/at-the-international-level-what-are-the-business-models-of-companies-providing-esg-consulting-se","en/06.part-6-international-experience/05.at-the-international-level-what-are-the-business-models-of-companies-providing-esg-consulting-se",{"title":334,"path":335,"stem":336,"index":122},"Collective Carbon Projects | Family Forest Program and Cookstove Models","/en/part-6-international-experience/have-any-countries-successfully-organized-and-implemented-a-collective-carbon-project-model-invo","en/06.part-6-international-experience/06.have-any-countries-successfully-organized-and-implemented-a-collective-carbon-project-model-invo",{"title":338,"path":339,"stem":340,"index":127},"Overcome MRV Technical Capacity | ESG Consulting and Software Solutions","/en/part-6-international-experience/how-do-international-businesses-overcome-the-barrier-of-lacking-internal-technical-capacity-for","en/06.part-6-international-experience/07.how-do-international-businesses-overcome-the-barrier-of-lacking-internal-technical-capacity-for",{"title":342,"path":343,"stem":344},"About Us","/en/about-us","en/about-us",{"id":346,"title":273,"body":347,"description":454,"extension":455,"links":456,"meta":457,"navigation":458,"path":274,"seo":459,"stem":275,"__hash__":469},"docs_en/en/05.part-5-risk-governance-transparency-and-good-practices/04.how-to-control-the-risk-of-leakage-and-ensure-permanence.md",{"type":348,"value":349,"toc":443},"minimark",[350,355,360,364,368,379,384,387,391,394,398,401,404,407,410,414],[351,352,354],"h1",{"id":353},"how-to-control-the-risk-of-leakage-and-ensure-permanence","How to control the risk of leakage and ensure permanence?",[356,357,359],"h2",{"id":358},"explanation-of-concepts","Explanation of concepts",[361,362,363],"p",{},"Leakage is the phenomenon in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increase in another location as an indirect consequence of implementing an emission reduction project in a specific area, reducing the true effectiveness of the project if left uncontrolled. For example, a reforestation project that causes local residents to lose agricultural land might unintentionally drive them to deforest neighboring areas, creating new emissions. Permanence, on the other hand, refers to the long-term maintenance of GHG reductions or removals. If the reductions are reversed, due to events such as forest fires or post-project deforestation, the environmental benefits are lost.",[356,365,367],{"id":366},"measures-to-control-leakage-and-enhance-permanence","Measures to control leakage and enhance permanence",[361,369,370,371,375,376],{},"International standards, such as the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), particularly for Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) projects, require developers to implement specific measures to manage these risks.",[372,373,374],"span",{},"131"," ",[372,377,378],{},"132",[380,381,383],"h3",{"id":382},"leakage-risk-assessment-in-project-design","Leakage risk assessment in project design",[361,385,386],{},"During the Project Design Document (PDD) phase, a thorough leakage risk assessment must be conducted, evaluating indirect impacts like land-use shifts, livelihood pressures, or market effects. Where significant risks are identified, mitigation measures may include establishing buffer zones, supporting alternative livelihoods, or discounting claimed credits to account for leakage.",[380,388,390],{"id":389},"establishing-a-buffer-pool-for-non-permanence-risk","Establishing a “buffer pool” for non-permanence risk",[361,392,393],{},"To address the risk of non-permanence, standards like VCS require projects to contribute a percentage of their issued carbon credits to a central \"buffer pool.\" This pool acts as a shared insurance mechanism against unavoidable reversals (e.g., natural disasters like wildfires or floods). The contribution percentage is determined by a project-specific non-permanence risk assessment, typically ranging from 10% to 20%. Credits held in the buffer pool are not tradable and are cancelled if a reversal event occurs, ensuring the overall integrity of the carbon market.",[380,395,397],{"id":396},"long-term-monitoring-reporting-and-verification-mrv","Long-term Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)",[361,399,400],{},"AFOLU projects require a long-term commitment to monitoring. Project activities, forest carbon stocks, ecosystems, and community impacts must be monitored periodically (e.g., annually or every five years). MRV reports must be continuously updated to detect any factors that could affect permanence or cause leakage, allowing for timely corrective actions.",[361,402,403],{},"Illustrative example",[356,405,403],{"id":406},"illustrative-example",[361,408,409],{},"A reforestation project in Vietnam’s Central Highlands aims to sequester CO₂ through assisted natural regeneration. The design phase identifies risks such as high illegal logging pressure near a timber transport route, medium wildfire risk during the dry season, and potential impacts on local livelihoods due to restricted access. The project addresses these by contributing 15% of issued credits to the VCS buffer pool, establishing protective buffer zones and community patrols, providing fire prevention training and efficient cookstoves, and implementing a monitoring plan with annual site visits and a full risk reassessment every five years. By correctly implementing these risk management measures, SMEs can enhance project credibility, reduce legal and reputational risks, and ensure their carbon credits meet the high-quality standards expected by international buyers.",[356,411,413],{"id":412},"references","References",[415,416,418,433],"ol",{"start":417},131,[419,420,421,422,426,427],"li",{},"Verra. (2023, September 6). Area of focus: Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU). ",[423,424,425],"em",{},"Verra",". ",[428,429,430],"a",{"href":430,"rel":431},"https://verra.org/programs/verified-carbon-standard/area-of-focus-agriculture-forestry-land-use/",[432],"nofollow",[419,434,435,436,375,439],{},"Gold Standard. (n.d.). Land-use & forests activity requirements. ",[423,437,438],{},"Gold Standard for the Global Goals.",[428,440,441],{"href":441,"rel":442},"https://globalgoals.goldstandard.org/203-ar-luf-activity-requirements/",[432],{"title":444,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":445},"",[446,447,452,453],{"id":358,"depth":102,"text":359},{"id":366,"depth":102,"text":367,"children":448},[449,450,451],{"id":382,"depth":107,"text":383},{"id":389,"depth":107,"text":390},{"id":396,"depth":107,"text":397},{"id":406,"depth":102,"text":403},{"id":412,"depth":102,"text":413},"Learn how Vietnamese projects control leakage risk and ensure permanence through buffer pools, MRV systems, and mitigation measures.","md",null,{},{"index":112},{"title":460,"description":461,"keywords":462},"Vietnam Leakage Control Permanence | AFOLU Project Buffer Pool","Vietnam uses buffer pools, MRV systems, and mitigation measures to control leakage and ensure permanence in AFOLU carbon projects.",[463,464,465,466,467,468],"carbon project governance","avoid greenwashing","additionality carbon","carbon leakage risk","permanence carbon credits","double counting prevention","_lah7Ue9W2Pdl2exNbTNmL3KguTOCgUwia1N6XsuoLk",[471,473],{"title":269,"path":270,"stem":271,"description":472,"index":107,"children":-1},"Learn the consequences when Vietnamese carbon projects fail to achieve committed emission reduction targets - non-issuance of credits and loss of credibility.",{"title":277,"path":278,"stem":279,"description":474,"index":117,"children":-1},"Learn how Vietnam prevents double counting through the MRV Registry, ownership responsibility, and international coordination under Article 6.",1774949998085]